While some US states boast populations larger than many countries, others remain surprisingly sparse. These ten least populated states offer unique lifestyles, breathtaking landscapes, and fascinating cultural identities despite their relatively small number of residents.
While California, Texas, and Florida dominate discussions about state populations, America's smallest states by population offer a fascinating counterpoint to the nation's most densely populated areas. These states demonstrate that population size doesn't necessarily correlate with cultural significance, natural beauty, or quality of life.
From vast wilderness regions to historic New England enclaves, America's least populated states present unique landscapes, lifestyles, and challenges that make them special despite their relatively small resident counts. Let's explore the ten states with the fewest residents in the United States.
Wyoming: America's Least Populated State
With approximately 580,000 residents, Wyoming holds the distinction of being America's least populated state. Despite being the 10th largest state by land area, Wyoming averages just six people per square mile. The state's vast landscapes include Yellowstone National Park, Grand Teton National Park, and expansive rangelands.
The state's economy relies heavily on mineral extraction, agriculture, and tourism. Cheyenne, the capital and largest city, has only about 65,000 residents. Despite its small population, Wyoming boasts the nickname "The Equality State" as it was the first territory to grant women the right to vote in 1869.
Vermont: The Green Mountain State
Vermont ranks as the second least populated state with approximately 645,000 residents. Known for its stunning fall foliage, maple syrup production, and progressive politics, Vermont maintains a strong rural identity despite being in the densely populated Northeast.
Burlington, the largest city, has fewer than 45,000 residents. Vermont's economy centers around tourism, agriculture, and manufacturing. The state's natural beauty, historic covered bridges, and ski resorts draw visitors year-round, supporting the local economy despite the small permanent population.
Alaska: Vast Wilderness, Sparse Population
Alaska ranks third among the least populated states with approximately 734,000 residents. As America's largest state by area, Alaska's population density is the lowest in the nation at just 1.3 people per square mile. The vast majority of the state remains wilderness, with nearly one-third of residents living in Anchorage.
Alaska's economy relies heavily on oil, fishing, and tourism. The state's remote location and harsh climate present unique challenges for residents, but also offer unparalleled outdoor recreation opportunities and natural resources. Despite its small population, Alaska contributes significantly to the nation's energy production and wildlife conservation efforts.
North Dakota: The Peace Garden State
With approximately 774,000 residents, North Dakota ranks fourth among the least populated states. The oil boom in the Bakken Formation temporarily reversed the state's population decline in the early 2010s, bringing new residents and economic growth to previously struggling communities.
Agriculture remains central to North Dakota's identity and economy, with wheat, soybeans, and cattle production dominating the landscape. The state's flat prairies, harsh winters, and small towns epitomize America's heartland. Fargo, the largest city, has fewer than 125,000 residents.
South Dakota: Home of Mount Rushmore
South Dakota ranks fifth with approximately 887,000 residents. The state's economy revolves around agriculture, tourism, and service industries. Mount Rushmore National Memorial draws over two million visitors annually, providing a crucial economic boost to the sparsely populated state.
Sioux Falls, the largest city, accounts for about 20% of the state's population. The western portion of South Dakota includes the Black Hills and Badlands, while the eastern region features fertile farmland. The state's nine Native American reservations reflect its rich indigenous heritage and complex history.
Delaware: The First State
Delaware ranks sixth among the least populated states with approximately 990,000 residents. Despite its small population, Delaware holds historical significance as the first state to ratify the U.S. Constitution. Unlike other states on this list, Delaware is densely populated, with over 500 people per square mile due to its small geographic size.
The state's economy benefits from its business-friendly corporate laws, with many major companies incorporated there despite maintaining headquarters elsewhere. Banking, pharmaceuticals, and chemical manufacturing contribute significantly to Delaware's economic output. Wilmington, the largest city, serves as a regional financial center.
Rhode Island: Small State, Small Population
Rhode Island ranks seventh with approximately 1.06 million residents. As America's smallest state by land area, Rhode Island has the second-highest population density in the nation, despite its relatively small total population. The state's compact size means that most locations are within an hour's drive of each other.
Providence, the capital and largest city, has a rich colonial history and serves as a cultural and educational hub. Rhode Island's economy has transitioned from manufacturing to services, education, and healthcare. The state's extensive coastline supports tourism and maritime industries, while its historic architecture attracts visitors interested in early American history.
Montana: Big Sky Country
Montana ranks eighth with approximately 1.08 million residents. Known as "Big Sky Country," Montana is the fourth largest state by area but maintains one of the nation's lowest population densities at just seven people per square mile. The Continental Divide splits the state between mountainous western regions and eastern plains.
Montana's economy relies on agriculture, resource extraction, and increasingly, tourism. Glacier National Park and portions of Yellowstone draw visitors seeking outdoor adventures. Billings, the largest city, has fewer than 110,000 residents. The state's seven Native American reservations constitute important cultural and historical sites.
Maine: The Pine Tree State
Maine ranks ninth with approximately 1.34 million residents. The northeasternmost state features 3,500 miles of rugged coastline, dense forests, and over 6,000 lakes and ponds. Despite being the largest New England state by area, Maine maintains a relatively low population density, with most residents concentrated in the southern portion.
Maine's economy centers on tourism, agriculture (particularly wild blueberries and potatoes), fishing, and forest products. Portland, the largest city, has fewer than 70,000 residents but offers a vibrant cultural scene. The state's natural beauty, from Acadia National Park to the Appalachian Trail's northern terminus at Mount Katahdin, attracts outdoor enthusiasts year-round.
New Hampshire: The Granite State
New Hampshire rounds out the top ten least populated states with approximately 1.36 million residents. Known for its significant role in presidential primaries, New Hampshire combines rural character with proximity to Boston's metropolitan area. The White Mountains, including Mount Washington, draw hikers and skiers.
The state's economy includes manufacturing, technology, and tourism sectors. Manchester, the largest city, has fewer than 115,000 residents. New Hampshire lacks both income and sales taxes, relying instead on property taxes and drawing residents seeking tax advantages. The state motto "Live Free or Die" reflects its independent political culture.
Population Density: A Different Perspective
While total population provides one measure of a state's size, population density offers another perspective. Alaska, Wyoming, and Montana have the lowest population densities in the nation, while Delaware and Rhode Island-despite their small total populations-rank among the most densely populated states due to their limited geographic size.
This distinction is important when considering the lifestyle, infrastructure, and governance challenges facing these states. Rural states with vast territories must maintain extensive road networks, utility systems, and public services for widely dispersed populations, creating unique financial and logistical challenges.
Benefits and Challenges of Small Population States
States with smaller populations often offer residents advantages like lower housing costs, less traffic congestion, and stronger community connections. Many provide easy access to outdoor recreation, from hunting and fishing to hiking and camping. Political representation can feel more direct, with elected officials representing fewer constituents.
However, these states face significant challenges, including limited economic opportunities, difficulties attracting and retaining young professionals, and funding constraints for public services. Healthcare access remains a particular concern in rural areas, where residents may need to travel considerable distances for specialized care.
Despite these challenges, America's least populated states contribute significantly to the nation's agricultural production, natural resource extraction, and cultural heritage. Their distinct identities and landscapes offer important counterpoints to urban America, preserving traditional ways of life while adapting to economic and demographic changes.
Frequently Asked Questions About 10 Smallest States in America by Population: Where Few Call Home
Which state has the smallest population in the USA?
Wyoming has the smallest population in the United States with approximately 580,000 residents. Despite being the 10th largest state by land area, Wyoming has only about 6 people per square mile, making it one of the most sparsely populated areas in the country.
Has the ranking of the smallest states by population changed much over time?
The ranking has remained relatively stable in recent decades, though there have been some shifts. North Dakota temporarily saw population growth during the oil boom of the early 2010s, while states like Vermont and Maine have experienced slower growth than the national average. Wyoming has consistently remained the least populated state since 1990.
Why do these states have such small populations?
Several factors contribute to these states' small populations, including geographic isolation, harsh climate conditions (particularly in Alaska, Wyoming, and the Dakotas), limited economic opportunities, primarily rural character, and in some cases, limited natural resources that would support larger populations. Historical settlement patterns also played a role in establishing these demographic patterns.
Are these small-population states growing or shrinking?
It varies by state. Some small-population states like Idaho and Montana have seen recent growth as remote work makes rural living more viable. Others like Vermont and Maine face challenges with aging populations and out-migration of young people. Wyoming and West Virginia have experienced population declines in recent years due to economic factors, particularly in energy industries.
Do residents of small-population states have more political power per person?
In some ways, yes. Each state receives two senators regardless of population, giving residents of small states like Wyoming approximately 70 times more representation in the Senate than Californians on a per-person basis. These states also have a minimum of one representative in the House and three Electoral College votes, providing disproportionate influence in presidential elections relative to their population.
What are the advantages of living in a state with a small population?
Advantages often include lower housing costs, less traffic congestion, shorter commutes, lower crime rates in many areas, stronger community connections, and easier access to outdoor recreation. Many residents appreciate the sense of knowing their neighbors and having more space. Political representation can feel more direct, with elected officials representing fewer constituents.
