Basic Information
Illinois, the Prairie State, is a diverse state known for its urban centers, agricultural lands, and rich history.
Capital
- Springfield
Largest City
- Chicago
Area
- 57,914 sq mi
Population
- 12.8 million (2020)
Demographics
Illinois has a diverse population with significant urban and rural demographics, and a mix of ethnic backgrounds.
Ethnic Composition
- White:60.7%
- African American:14.6%
- Hispanic:17.4%
- Asian:5.8%
Languages
- English:Dominant
- Spanish:Significant minority language
Age Distribution
- Under 18:22.8%
- 18-64:61.9%
- 65+:15.3%
Population Growth
- Annual Rate:~-0.1%
- Natural Increase:Varies
- Migration:Net loss due to domestic migration
Economy
Illinois has a diverse economy with strengths in manufacturing, finance, agriculture, and technology.
GDP
- $950 billion (2022)
Major Industries
- Manufacturing
- Finance
- Agriculture
- Technology
Employment Rate
- Employed:Varies
- Unemployment:Varies
Major Companies
- Boeing
- Caterpillar
- McDonald's
- Walgreens
Climate
Illinois experiences a humid continental climate with significant seasonal variations.
Northern Illinois
- Avg. Summer:80°F
- Avg. Winter:25°F
- Snowfall:Significant snowfall
Central Illinois
- Avg. Summer:85°F
- Avg. Winter:30°F
- Snowfall:Moderate snowfall
Southern Illinois
- Avg. Summer:90°F
- Avg. Winter:35°F
- Snowfall:Less snowfall
Visiting Illinois
Illinois offers a mix of urban attractions, historical sites, and natural beauty for visitors.
Best Time to Visit
- Spring/Fall:Mild temperatures
- Summer:Festivals and outdoor activities
Transportation
- Major Airports:O'Hare (ORD), Midway (MDW)
- Extensive highway and rail networks
- Public transit in Chicago
Accommodation
- Hotels, motels, and vacation rentals
- Average Hotel Rate:Varies
Tourist Information
- Enjoy Illinois
- Visitor centers throughout the state
Popular Attractions
Illinois' diverse attractions range from urban landmarks to historical sites and natural wonders.
Urban Attractions
- Millennium Park
- Navy Pier
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Magnificent Mile
Historical Sites
- Lincoln Home National Historic Site
- Springfield historical sites
- Cahokia Mounds
Natural Attractions
- Garden of the Gods
- Starved Rock State Park
- Shawnee National Forest
Cultural Sites
- Chicago museums and theaters
- Blues and jazz clubs
- Ethnic neighborhoods
History
Illinois' history spans from Native American settlements to French exploration, statehood, and its development as a major industrial and cultural center.
Early History
- Native American tribes
- French exploration and settlement
19th Century
- Statehood:1818
- Growth of Chicago
- Role in the Civil War
20th Century
- Industrial development
- Urbanization and cultural growth
- Civil rights movement
Recent History
- Economic diversification
- Urban revitalization
- Technological advancements
State Symbols
Illinois has adopted various official state symbols that represent its cultural heritage and natural diversity.
State Animals
-
State Animal:White-tailed Deer
-
State Bird:Cardinal
-
State Fish:Bluegill
-
State Insect:Monarch Butterfly
State Plants
-
State Flower:Violet
-
State Tree:White Oak
-
State Prairie Grass:Big Bluestem
Cultural Symbols
-
State Song:"Illinois"
-
State Slogan:"Land of Lincoln"
Other Symbols
-
State Mineral:Fluorite
-
State Soil:Drummer Silty Clay Loam
State Facts
Interesting and unique facts about Illinois that showcase its distinctive character and achievements.
Geographic Facts
- Mostly flat terrain with fertile soil
- Significant river systems including the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers
- Large urban areas and extensive farmlands
Records & Rankings
- Major agricultural producer, especially corn and soybeans
- Chicago is a major economic and cultural center
- Important transportation hub with major rail and air connections
Unique Features
- Home to Abraham Lincoln's presidential library and museum
- Diverse cultural heritage
- Known for its unique Chicago cuisine
Government & Politics
Illinois has a democratic leaning political landscape with a constitutionally mandated structure encompassing Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches.
Governor
- J.B. Pritzker (as of 2023)
Legislature
- Bicameral:State Senate and State House of Representatives
Political Trends
- Historically Democratic in recent decades
Key Political Issues
- Budget and Fiscal Policy
- Education Funding
- Social Services
- Infrastructure
Time Zones
Illinois observes Central Time Zone (CT).
Standard Time
- Central Standard Time (CST, UTC -6)
Daylight Saving
- Central Daylight Time (CDT, UTC -5)
Education
Illinois has a robust education system with a mix of public and private institutions, including renowned universities.
Major Public Systems
- University of Illinois System
- Illinois State University
- Southern Illinois University System
Notable Private Institutions
- University of Chicago
- Northwestern University
- Loyola University Chicago
K-12 System
- Public and private schools across the state
Key Educational Initiatives
- Early childhood education
- STEM education
- College affordability
Culture & Festivals
Illinois has a rich cultural scene with diverse festivals, music, and arts, especially in Chicago.
Major Festivals
- Lollapalooza
- Chicago Blues Festival
- Taste of Chicago
- St. Patrick's Day Parade (Chicago)
Cultural Traditions
- Chicago blues and jazz
- Theater and performing arts
- Ethnic cultural celebrations
Regional Traditions
- County fairs and agricultural shows
- Local arts and crafts
Sports & Teams
Illinois has a passionate sports culture with professional teams in various leagues and popular college sports.
MLB Teams
- Chicago Cubs
- Chicago White Sox
NBA Teams
- Chicago Bulls
NHL Teams
- Chicago Blackhawks
NFL Teams
- Chicago Bears
MLS Teams
- Chicago Fire FC
College Teams
- University of Illinois Fighting Illini
- Northwestern Wildcats
Notable Sporting Events
- Chicago Marathon
Cuisine & Local Specialties
Illinois cuisine is diverse, with Chicago known for its unique dishes and the state for its agricultural products.
Signature Dishes
- Chicago-style deep-dish pizza
- Chicago-style hot dogs
- Italian beef sandwiches
- Popcorn
Agricultural Products
- Corn and soybeans
- Pork and beef
- Pumpkins
Local Markets
- Chicago farmers markets
- Ethnic grocery stores
Infrastructure
Illinois has a well-developed infrastructure system, including major airports, highways, and rail networks.
Airports
- O'Hare International Airport (ORD)
- Midway International Airport (MDW)
Highways
- Interstate highways and state routes
Railroads
- Major freight and passenger rail lines
Public Transportation
- Chicago Transit Authority (CTA)
- Metra commuter rail
Notable Historical Figures
Illinois has produced many influential figures in politics, arts, and science.
Political Leaders
- Abraham Lincoln
- Barack Obama
- Adlai Stevenson
Cultural Icons
- Ernest Hemingway
- Walt Disney
- Oprah Winfrey
Scientists and Innovators
- Enrico Fermi
- Robert Millikan
- John Bardeen
State Government Services
Illinois provides essential services to its residents through various state agencies.
Health Services
- Illinois Department of Public Health
Education
- Illinois State Board of Education
Transportation
- Illinois Department of Transportation
Social Services
- Illinois Department of Human Services
Key Historical Documents & Landmarks
Illinois' history is documented through significant historical documents and landmarks.
State Constitution
- Illinois State Constitution (1970)
- Previous State Constitutions (1818, 1848, 1870)
Historic Sites & Landmarks
- Lincoln Home National Historic Site
- Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site
- Old State Capitol
Archival Repositories
- Illinois State Archives
- Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library
- Chicago History Museum Archives
Environmental Initiatives
Illinois is engaged in various environmental initiatives to protect its natural resources and address climate change.
Renewable Energy
- Wind and solar energy development
Conservation
- Preservation of natural habitats and wetlands
Air and Water Quality
- Regulations and monitoring programs
Urban Sustainability
- Green initiatives in Chicago and other cities
Major Events & Conferences
Illinois hosts a variety of major events and conferences, particularly in Chicago.
Trade Shows
- McCormick Place events
Music Festivals
- Lollapalooza
- Chicago Blues Festival
Cultural Events
- Taste of Chicago
- Chicago International Film Festival
Sports Events
- Chicago Marathon